Heat ↔ Temperature

HEAT (Q) and TEMPERATURE (T) are different physical quantities.

TEMPERATURE: average kinetic energy of molecules (a measure, like 'velocity').

HEAT: energy transferred due to temperature difference (a flow, like 'distance').

Heat flows SPONTANEOUSLY from hot to cold body — equilibrating temperatures.

Units: Q in joules (J) or calories (1 cal = 4.184 J). T in Kelvin or Celsius.

Specific heat capacity c: heat needed per kg per K. Q = m·c·ΔT.

Water has very high c (~4186 J/kg·K) — that's why oceans moderate climate.

Heat capacity C = m·c — heat needed to raise the WHOLE body by 1 K.

Body temperature depends on how heat is shared among DEGREES OF FREEDOM (equipartition theorem).